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1.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 84(1): e1-e9, ene. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-147634

RESUMO

La displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) es la secuela más prevalente del recién nacido pretérmino, y sigue suponiendo un motivo frecuente de consulta en las unidades de Neumología Pediátrica. La decisión del alta de la unidad neonatal debe apoyarse en una valoración exhaustiva de la situación clínica del paciente y en el cumplimiento de unos requisitos, que incluyen la estabilidad respiratoria y nutricional, y la instrucción a los cuidadores en el manejo domiciliario. Para un control adecuado de la enfermedad, es necesario que quede establecido, previamente al alta, un calendario de visitas y de exploraciones complementarias, y deben aplicarse las pautas de prevención de exacerbaciones y el tratamiento apropiados. El concepto de DBP como enfermedad multisistémica es fundamental en el seguimiento de los pacientes y debe ser tenido en cuenta para un buen control de la enfermedad. En este documento, el Grupo de Trabajo de Patología Respiratoria Perinatal de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica propone un protocolo que sirva como referencia para unificar el seguimiento de los pacientes con DBP entre los diferentes centros y ámbitos asistenciales. Se revisan los aspectos a tener en cuenta en la evaluación previa al alta de la Unidad Neonatal y las principales complicaciones durante el seguimiento. Seguidamente, se detallan las recomendaciones en materia de tratamiento de la enfermedad y prevención de complicaciones, los controles tras el alta y su cronología


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, and remains a major problem in pediatric pulmonology units. The decision of discharging from the Neonatal Unit should be based on a thorough assessment of the condition of the patient and compliance with certain requirements, including respiratory and nutritional stability, and caregiver education on disease management. For proper control of the disease, a schedule of visits and complementary tests should be established prior to discharge, and guidelines for prevention of exacerbations and appropriate treatment should be applied. In this paper, the Working Group in Perinatal Respiratory Diseases of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology proposes a protocol to serve as a reference for the follow up of patients with BPD among different centers and health care settings. Key factors to consider when planning discharge from the Neonatal Unit and during follow up are reviewed. Recommendations on treatment and prevention of complications are then discussed. The final section of this guide aims to provide a specific schedule for follow-up and diagnostic interventions to be performed in patients with BPD


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiologia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/prevenção & controle , Protocolos Clínicos , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Doenças do Prematuro/diagnóstico , Gasometria/métodos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/complicações , Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico , Displasia Broncopulmonar/fisiopatologia , Seguimentos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 84(1): 61.e1-9, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26089228

RESUMO

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, and remains a major problem in pediatric pulmonology units. The decision of discharging from the Neonatal Unit should be based on a thorough assessment of the condition of the patient and compliance with certain requirements, including respiratory and nutritional stability, and caregiver education on disease management. For proper control of the disease, a schedule of visits and complementary tests should be established prior to discharge, and guidelines for prevention of exacerbations and appropriate treatment should be applied. In this paper, the Working Group in Perinatal Respiratory Diseases of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology proposes a protocol to serve as a reference for the follow up of patients with BPD among different centers and health care settings. Key factors to consider when planning discharge from the Neonatal Unit and during follow up are reviewed. Recommendations on treatment and prevention of complications are then discussed. The final section of this guide aims to provide a specific schedule for follow-up and diagnostic interventions to be performed in patients with BPD.


Assuntos
Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 78(4): 227-233, abr. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-110390

RESUMO

Introducción: La ventilación mecánica domiciliaria (VMD) es una técnica cada vez más frecuente en el niño. Existen pocos estudios que hayan analizado las características y necesidades de los niños sometidos a esta técnica. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional transversal multicéntrico de pacientes entre un mes y 16 años dependientes de ventilación mecánica domiciliaria. Resultados: Se estudiaron 163 pacientes de 17 hospitales españoles con una edad media de 7,6 años. La causa más frecuente de VMD fueron los trastornos neuromusculares. El inicio de la VMD fue a una edad media de 4,6 años. Un 71,3% recibieron ventilación no invasiva. Los pacientes con ventilación invasiva tenían menor edad, menor edad de inicio de la VMD y mayor tiempo de uso diario. El 80,9% precisaban VM solo durante el sueño, y un 11,7% durante todo el día. Únicamente un 3,4% de los pacientes tiene asistencia sanitaria externa como ayuda a la familia. Un 48,2% es controlado en consultas específicas de VMD o consultas multidisciplinares. Un 72,1% de los pacientes está escolarizado (recibiendo enseñanza adaptada un 42,3%). Solo un 47,8% de los pacientes escolarizados cuentan con cuidadores específicos en su centro escolar. Conclusiones: La VMD en niños se utiliza en un grupo muy heterogéneo de pacientes iniciándose en un importante porcentaje en los primeros 3 años de vida. A pesar de que un significativo porcentaje de pacientes tiene una gran dependencia de la VMD pocas familias cuentan con ayudas específicas tanto a nivel escolar como en el domicilio, y el seguimiento sanitario es heterogéneo y poco coordinado(AU)


Introduction: Domiciliary mechanical ventilation (DMV) use is increasing in children. Few studies have analysed the characteristics of patients using this technique. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, transversal, multicentre study was conducted on patients between 1 month and 16 years of age dependent on domiciliary mechanical ventilation. Results: A total of 163 patients with a median age of 7.6 years from 17 Spanish hospitals were studied. The main reasons for DMV were neuromuscular disorders. The median age at beginning of DMV was 4.6 years. Almost three-quarters (71.3%) received non-invasive ventilation. Patients depending on invasive ventilation were younger, started DMV at an earlier age, and had more hours of mechanical ventilation per day. The large majority (80.9%) used DMV during sleep time only, and 11.7% during the whole day. Only 3.4% of patients had external health assistance. Just under half (48.2%) were being followed up in specific DMV or multidisciplinary clinics. Almost three-quarters (72.1%) of patients attended school (42.3% with adapted schooling). Only 47.8% of school patients had specific caregivers in their schools. Conclusions: DMV in children is used in a very heterogeneous group of patients, and in an important number of patients it is started before the third year of life. Despite there being a significant proportion of patients with a high dependency on DMV, few families receive specific support at home or at school, and health care surveillance is variable and poorly coordinated(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Respiração Artificial , Moradias Assistidas/métodos , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Traqueostomia , Doenças Neuromusculares/complicações
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 78(4): 227-33, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22959780

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Domiciliary mechanical ventilation (DMV) use is increasing in children. Few studies have analysed the characteristics of patients using this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, transversal, multicentre study was conducted on patients between 1 month and 16 years of age dependent on domiciliary mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients with a median age of 7.6 years from 17 Spanish hospitals were studied. The main reasons for DMV were neuromuscular disorders. The median age at beginning of DMV was 4.6 years. Almost three-quarters (71.3%) received non-invasive ventilation. Patients depending on invasive ventilation were younger, started DMV at an earlier age, and had more hours of mechanical ventilation per day. The large majority (80.9%) used DMV during sleep time only, and 11.7% during the whole day. Only 3.4% of patients had external health assistance. Just under half (48.2%) were being followed up in specific DMV or multidisciplinary clinics. Almost three-quarters (72.1%) of patients attended school (42.3% with adapted schooling). Only 47.8% of school patients had specific caregivers in their schools. CONCLUSIONS: DMV in children is used in a very heterogeneous group of patients, and in an important number of patients it is started before the third year of life. Despite there being a significant proportion of patients with a high dependency on DMV, few families receive specific support at home or at school, and health care surveillance is variable and poorly coordinated.


Assuntos
Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Respiração Artificial , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Espanha
5.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(2): 131-138, mar.-abr. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101757

RESUMO

Los tests de función pulmonar son los métodos que se utilizan para conocer el funcionamiento de las vías aéreas y los pulmones. Existen diferentes métodos o técnicas para valorar la función pulmonar en niños colaboradores. Los test más frecuentemente utilizados en la práctica clínica son: la espirometría forzada con prueba brocodilatadora, tests broncodinámicos y flujo respiratorio máximo (FEM). La técnica de elección es la espirometría forzada con prueba broncodilatadora. Es la prueba más útil para el diagnóstico y seguimiento del asma. Es importante conocer que la espirometría forzada es el "patrón oro" para la medición de la función pulmonar en el niño. Permite clasificar las enfermedades pulmonares en obstructivas, restrictivas y mixtas. Por otro lado, la espirometría con prueba brocodilatadora es obligada para diagnosticar la obstrucción de la vía aérea, demostrar su reversibilidad, valorar la respuesta al tratamiento y monotorizar la evolución. La sintomatología, la espirometría forzada y la prueba de broncodilatación analizadas conjuntamente, permitirán establecer el diagnóstico e instaurar el tratamiento adecuado (AU)


Lung function test are the methods used to understand the functioning of the airways and lung. There are different methods or techniques for assessing lung function in collaborators children. The test most frequently used in clinical practice are forced spirometry with bronchodilator test, Test bronchodynamic and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The technique of choice is forced spirometry with bronchodilator test. It is the most useful test for the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma. It is important to know that spirometry with bronchodilator test. It is the most useful test for the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma. It is important to know that spirometry is the "gold standard" for measuring lung function in children. To classify obstructive lung diseases, restrictive and mixed. Moreover, spirometry with bronchodilator test is required to diagnose obstruction of the airway, demonstrating reversibility, assess response to treatment and monitor the evolution. Symptomatology, spirometry and bronchodilation test analyzed jointly will establish the diagnosis and institute the appropriate treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Espirometria , Broncodilatadores , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Cooperação do Paciente , /métodos
6.
Bol. pediatr ; 46(197): 244-250, 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048903

RESUMO

El conducto (ductus) arterioso persistente (DAP) es una enfermedad frecuente en el prematuro. La indometacina intravenosa es el tratamiento estándar para su cierre, pero recientemente se ha empezado a utilizar el ibuprofeno intravenoso como alternativa o, incluso, como fármaco de primera elección, ya que algunas revisiones de evidencia Ahan mostrado igual eficacia, aunque menos oliguria y mayor porcentaje de enfermedad pulmonar crónica (EPC). Sin embargo, a pesar del cambio en la prescripción, también existe la apreciación clínica de mayor porcentaje de fracasos en los recién nacidos tratados con ibuprofeno. Este estudio pretende comparar ibuprofeno frente a indometacina en el cierre del DAP para evaluar su efectividad y seguridad. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal que abarcó el período comprendido desde el 01/01/2000 al 31/12/2004. Se evaluaron los casos diagnosticados de DAP en prematuros de bajo peso al nacer. Resultados: los resultados muestran que en el 62% de los casos donde se utilizó un cierre farmacológico se hizo con indometacina (en un período de 3 años) frente al 38% con ibuprofeno (en un período de 2 años). Los parámetros de eficacia muestran que el número de dosis necesaria para el cierre del DAP se duplica para el ibuprofeno, así como la necesidad de un nuevo ciclo de tratamiento. El porcentaje de reapertura de DAP fue de un 45,6% frente al 11,1% y el número de casos donde no se cerró el DAP también fue mayor para el ibuprofeno (9% frente al 0%). Otros parámetros como necesidad de cierre quirúrgico y porcentaje de fracaso a la semana de la primera dosis fueron similares para los dos fármacos. En cuanto a la seguridad los parámetros de EPC y mortalidad del recién nacido se muestran desfavorables para el ibuprofeno y en ninguno de los recién nacidos tratados se produjo oliguria. Conclusión: el ibuprofeno presenta algunos parámetros de eficacia desfavorables frente a indometacina, lo que incrementa su coste. En cuanto a la seguridad nuestros datos concuerdan con revisiones publicadas, aunque no se produjo oliguria con ninguno de los fármacos


Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent disease in the premature baby. Intravenous Indomethacin is the standard treatment used to close the duct but recently intravenous ibuprofen has been prescribed as an alternative or even a firstchoice drug because recent type Aevidence has shown it to be equally effective although with less oliguria and a large percentage of chronic pulmonary disease( CPD). However, with this change of prescription a higher percentage of failures in new-born children treated with Ibuprofen has been perceived. This study attempts to compare Ibuprofen with Indomethacin and to assess their safety and effectiveness in treating PDA. Material and methods: a cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out that included the period 01/01/2000 to 31/12/2004. The cases of PDA diagnosed in premature babies with low birth weight were evaluated. Results: the results show that in those cases where the duct was closed by pharmacological means 62% were treated with indomethacin (over a three year period) and 38% with ibuprofen (over a two year period). The parameters of effectiveness show that the number of doses needed to close the duct is double for Ibuprofen and a new cycle of treatment is required. The percentage of cases where the duct reopened was 45% with ibuprofen as opposed to 11% with indomethacin and the number of cases where the PDA failed to close was also greater with Ibuprofen (9% compared to 0%). Other parameters such as the need to close the PDA surgically and the percentage of failures a week after the first close were similar for both drugs. As regards safety the parameters of CPD and the mortality of the new-born babies were unfavourable for Ibuprofen although there was no evidence of oliguria in any of the children treated. Conclusions: ibuprofen, unlike Indomethacin, displays certain unfavourable parameters regarding its effectiveness and is also more costly. As far as safety is concerned our data agree with other published studies although oliguria did not take place with either of the drugs


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Indometacina/uso terapêutico , Ibuprofeno/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais
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